2014 Q. Set A
Environment & Ecology
Biodiversity

Other than poaching, what are the possible reasons for the decline in the population of Ganges River Dolphins?

  1. Construction of dams and barrages on rivers
  2. Increase in the population of crocodiles in rivers
  3. Getting trapped in fishing nets accidentally
  4. Use of synthetic fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals in crop-fields in the vicinity of rivers

Smart Elimination

The question asks for reasons for the "decline". Usually, human interference is the cause of decline. Option 2 (Crocodiles) is a natural relationship that has existed for millions of years without wiping out dolphins. Options 1, 3, and 4 are human-made threats (dams, nets, chemicals). Eliminate Option 2.

Potential Trap

Plausible Distractor: Statement 2 (Crocodiles) sounds like a natural threat. While crocodiles eat aquatic life, they coexist with dolphins. The decline is driven by *anthropogenic* (human) factors, not natural predation.

Answer Key & Explanation

Answer: C

The correct answer is Option C.

Explanation:

  1. Dams and Barrages: Correct. They fragment the habitat, isolating dolphin populations and preventing migration (essential for breeding).
  2. Crocodiles: Incorrect. The increase in crocodile population is not a significant documented cause of the drastic decline of River Dolphins. The main threats are human-induced.
  3. Fishing Nets: Correct. Accidental entanglement (bycatch) is a major cause of mortality.
  4. Pollution (Fertilizers): Correct. Agricultural runoff and industrial effluents degrade water quality and biomagnify in the food chain.

Value Addition

  • Status: Ganges River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica) is the National Aquatic Animal of India.
  • Blindness: They are essentially blind and use echolocation (ultrasonic sound) to navigate and hunt (known as 'Susu').

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medium

Foundational question based on core concepts.

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5 / 10
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